Ingoapele Madingoane, foremost among a generation of black consciousness poets working in Soweto in the late 1970s and author of the seminal work in South African black consciousness literature, "Afrika my Beginning", which was published by Ravan Press in Johannesburg in 1979 and banned by the apartheid authorities two months later. The poem, which followed an epic poem entitled 'black trial', was performed by Ingoapele widely in Soweto before and after its publication and subsequent banning, and eventually became so popular among township youth in Johannesburg that many school kids and students in Soweto could recite the entire poem from memory. Ingoapele died in 1996.